A Short History of Nearly Everything
- Date: 05/09/2004
- Author: Dr. Luis M. Proenza (President, The University of Akron)
- Location: UA Commencement, E. J. Thomas Performing Arts Hall
Learning is a continuous and exciting process, and life's experiences will continue to instruct you along the way. However, you soon will discover that even a lifetime of experience provides a mere fraction of the knowledge available to you now, or that may yet be discovered. You will open one door, only to discover another...and then another in what is truly an endless frontier.
With that in mind, allow me to open one more door by offering a final lesson in the words of an exciting author, Bill Bryson from his book, A Short History of Nearly Everything.I quote:
"Welcome. I am delighted that you could make it. Getting here wasn't easy, I know. In fact, I suspect it was a little tougher than you realize."
(Bill Bryson, A Short History of Nearly Everything, 2003, p. 1-6)"To begin with, for you to be here now trillions of drifting atoms had somehow to assemble in an intricate and intriguingly obliging manner to create you. It's an arrangement so specialized and particular that it has never been tried before and will only exist this once. For the next many years (we hope) these tiny particles will uncomplainingly engage in all the billions of deft, cooperative efforts necessary to keep you intact and let you experience the supremely agreeable but generally underappreciated state known as existence."
(Bryson, Ibid)"Why atoms take this trouble is a bit of a puzzle. Being you is not a gratifying experience at the atomic level. For all their devoted attention, your atoms don't actually care about you -- indeed, don't even know that you are there. They don't even know that they are there"...except maybe through you. They are mindless particles, after all, and not even themselves alive. (It is a slightly arresting notion that if you were to pick yourself apart with tweezers, one atom at a time, you would produce a mound of fine atomic dust, none of which had ever been alive but all of which had once been you.) Yet somehow for the period of your existence they will answer to a single overarching impulse: to keep you"...you.
(Bryson, Ibid)"The bad news is that atoms are fickle and their time of devotion is fleeting -- fleeting indeed. Even a long human life adds up to only about 650,000 hours. And when that modest milestone flashes past, or at some other point thereabouts, for reasons unknown your atoms will shut you down, silently disassemble, and go off to be other things. And that's it for you."
(Bryson, Ibid)"Still, you may rejoice that it happens at all. Generally speaking in the universe it doesn't, so far as we can tell. This is decidedly odd because the atoms that so liberally and congenially flock together to form living things on Earth are exactly the same atoms that decline to do it elsewhere. Whatever else it may be, at the level of chemistry life is curiously mundane: carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen, a little calcium, a dash of sulfur, a light dusting of other very ordinary elements -- nothing you wouldn't find in any ordinary drugstore -- and that's all you need. The only thing special about the atoms that make you is that they make you. That is of course the miracle of life."
(Bryson, Ibid)"Whether or not atoms make life in other corners of the universe, they make plenty else; indeed, they make everything else. Without them there would be no water or air or rocks, no stars and planets, no distant gassy clouds or swirling nebulae or any of the other things that make the universe so usefully material. Atoms are so numerous and necessary that we easily overlook that they needn't actually exist at all. There is no law that requires the universe to fill itself with small particles of matter or to produce light and gravity and the other physical properties on which our existence hinges. There needn't actually be a universe at all. For the longest time there wasn't. There were no atoms and no universe for them to float about in. There was nothing -- nothing at all anywhere."
(Bryson, Ibid)"So thank goodness for atoms. But the fact that you have atoms and that they assemble in such a willing manner is only part of what got you here. To be here now, alive in the 21st century and smart enough to know it, you also had to be the beneficiary of an extraordinary string of biological good fortune. Survival on Earth is a surprisingly tricky business. Of the billions and billions of species of living thing that have existed since the dawn of time, most -- 99.99 percent -- are no longer around. Life on Earth, you see, is not only brief but dismayingly tenuous. It is a curious feature of our existence that we come from a planet that is very good at promoting life but even better at extinguishing it."
(Bryson, Ibid)"The average species on Earth lasts for only about four million years, so if you wish to be around for billions of years, you must be as fickle as the atoms that made you. You must be prepared to change everything about yourself -- shape, size, color, species affiliation, everything -- and to do so repeatedly. That's much easier said than done, because the process of change is random. To get from "protoplasmal primordial atomic globule" (as the Gilbert and Sullivan song put it) to sentient upright modern human has required you to mutate new traits over and over in a precisely timely manner for an exceedingly long while. So at various periods over the last 3.8 billion years you have abhorred oxygen and then doted on it, grown fins and limbs and jaunty sails, laid eggs, flicked the air with a forked tongue, been sleek, been furry, lived underground, lived in trees, been as big as a deer and as small as a mouse, and a million things more. The tiniest deviation from any of these evolutionary shifts, and you might now be licking algae from cave walls or lolling walrus-like on some stony shore or disgorging air through a blowhole in the top of your head before diving sixty feet for a mouthful of delicious sandworms."
(Bryson, Ibid)"Not only have you been lucky enough to be attached since time immemorial to a favored evolutionary line, but you have also been extremely -- make that miraculously -- fortunate in your personal ancestry. Consider the fact that for 3.8 billion years, a period of time older than the Earth's mountains and rivers and oceans, every one of your forebears on both sides has been attractive enough to find a mate, healthy enough to reproduce, and sufficiently blessed by fate and circumstances to live long enough to do so. Not one of your pertinent ancestors was squashed, devoured, drowned, starved, stranded, stuck fast, untimely wounded, or otherwise deflected from its life's quest of delivering a tiny charge of genetic material to the right partner at the right moment in order to perpetuate the only possible sequence of hereditary combinations that could result -- eventually, astoundingly, and all too briefly -- in you."
(Bryson, Ibid)End of quote --
In researching his book, Bryson tells us that he "...became gripped by a quiet, unwonted urge" to know more about..." the wonders of science, and about how we come to know these kinds of things. (Bryson, Ibid)
For example: "How does anybody know how much the Earth weighs or how old its rocks are or what really is way down there in the center?" (Bryson, Ibid)
"How can they know how and when the universe started and what it was like when it did? How do they know what goes on inside an atom?" (Bryson, Ibid)
"And...perhaps above all -- (how) can scientists so often seem to know nearly everything but then still can't...tell us whether we should take an umbrella...to the races next Wednesday?" (Bryson, Ibid)
As you go through life, you will create your own list of questions. Ultimately, perhaps you will end up with more questions than answers, because your life is not based solely on knowing what you know, but also on knowing what to ask, and in knowing how to formulate each of those questions.
Most importantly, however...never be afraid to ask, because, if you don't ask, the answer is always, NO!
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